The Number 12

During the study of our weekly parashah "vayetze" last shabbat, question arose regarding the significance of the Number Twelve. These are what I gathered from the book The Pattern & the Prophecy:

What does this quantity symbolize in Holy Scripture? A moment reflection will tell you how widely the authors used it. Yes, widely used, and always in a context indicating power and purpose. Consider the following examples:

• 
  

• From Seth to Noah there were 12 patriarchs.
• Israel had 12 tribes from Jacob's 12 sons.
• When Joshua crossed the Jordan River he took 12 stones to commemorate the event.
• The temple of Solomon had 12 as a factor in all its measurement.
• The huge bronze ablution tank rested on 12 oxen.
• On the 12th night, the magi arrived to recognize Jesus' power.
• When we next hear of Jesus, He is 12 and in the temple.
• Jesus chose 12 apostles.
• The new Jerusalem is set on 12 foundations.
• This ruling city is to be a perfect cube, 12,000 stadia in length, width and height.
• Walls 144(12x12) cubits thick
• It will have 12 gates, with 12 pearls, guarded by 12 chosen angels.

Conclusion: the number 12 signifies power given to people, events, or objects chosen for special purpose. The nature of that power is judicial.

This one is from James Strong in his book The Tabernacle of Israel.

The number twelve is only employed in the Scripture conventionally, and derives its whole significance from that of the tribes of Israel, whence it was transferred to the apostles as the representatives of the Early Church. It is, therefore, purely national and ecclesiastical.